What are terpenes?

What are terpenes? Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds produced by various plants, including cannabis, hemp and many other botanical species. They are responsible for the characteristic scents and flavors associated with different plants and have various biological functions. Terpenes are often found in the essential oils of plants and contribute to the overall aroma and taste of fruits, flowers, and herbs. Terpenes contribute to the unique properties of different cannabis strains.

What are terpenes in cannabis?

In cannabis, terpenes play a crucial role in determining the unique aromatic profile of different strains. The combination of cannabinoids (such as THC, CBD, and THCV) and terpenes is thought to contribute to the overall effects and properties of a particular cannabis strain. This interaction is known as the entourage effect, where the compounds work synergistically to enhance or modify each other’s effects.

Terpenes are not exclusive to cannabis; they are found in many plants, fruits, and herbs. Some common terpenes found in cannabis include myrcene, limonene, pinene, linalool, and caryophyllene, each with its own distinctive aroma and potential properties. The study of terpenes is an active area of research, as scientists explore their potential applications in medicine, aromatherapy, and other fields.

Which terpenes are in cannabis sativa?

The terpene profile of cannabis can vary widely between different strains, and the distinction between sativa, indica, and hybrid strains is not solely determined by terpenes. In addition to Delta-9-THC, sativa strains often contain larger amounts of uplifting, energizing THCV. However, some terpenes are commonly associated with sativa-dominant strains and contribute to the unique aroma and effects typically associated with these strains. It’s important to note that the effects of cannabis are influenced by a combination of cannabinoids (such as THC and CBD) and terpenes, a phenomenon known as the entourage effect.

Here are some terpenes that are often found in sativa strains:

1. Terpinolene: This compound has a sweet, floral, and herbal aroma. It’s found in some sativa strains and is also present in other plants like apples, cumin, and lilacs.
   
2. Limonene: Known for its citrusy scent, limonene is found in the peels of citrus fruits. It’s believed to have mood-enhancing and stress-relieving properties. Sativa strains with a lemony aroma may contain limonene.
   
3. Pinene: As the name suggests, pinene has a piney aroma. It is found in pine trees and some herbs. Sativa strains with a fresh, pine-like scent may contain pinene. There are two types of pinene: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.
   
4. Terpinene: This terpene has a sweet and herbal aroma and is found in a variety of plants, including some sativa cannabis strains.

Which compounds are in cannabis indica?

Similar to sativa strains, the terpene profile of cannabis indica can vary widely between different strains. While the indica and sativa classification has historically been used to describe the physical characteristics of the plant, such as plant structure and leaf shape, it’s important to note that the effects of cannabis are influenced by a combination of cannabinoids, such as CBN for sleep, and terpenes. The interaction between these compounds is known as the entourage effect.

That said, some compounds are commonly associated with indica-dominant strains, and they contribute to the characteristic aroma and potential effects of these strains. Here are a few terpenes often found in cannabis indica:

1. Myrcene: This terpene is commonly found in cannabis, especially indica strains. It has an earthy, musky, and herbal aroma. Myrcene is believed to contribute to the sleepy and relaxing effects associated with many indica strains.
   
2. Linalool: Known for its floral and lavender notes, linalool is also found in certain indica strains. It is believed to have calming and relaxing properties and is commonly associated with strains that may have a more pronounced body relaxation effect.
   
3. Caryophyllene: This terpene has a spicy and peppery aroma and is found in various plants, including black pepper and cloves. It is present in both sativa and indica strains, but some indica strains may have higher levels. Caryophyllene is unique because it can also interact with CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system.
   
4. Humulene: With an earthy, woody, and spicy aroma, humulene is found in cannabis as well as hops, sage, and ginseng. It is associated with discomfort relieving properties and is sometimes found in indica strains.

It’s crucial to remember that individual strains may have unique terpene profiles, and the effects can vary from person to person. Additionally, hybrid strains that combine characteristics of both indica and sativa plants are common in the market. When selecting a strain, it’s advisable to consider the overall cannabinoid and terpene content, as well as personal preferences and desired effects.

We hope that this blog on “What are terpenes” helped you learn more about these compounds. For more information you can see this Leafly article: What are cannabis terpenes and what do they do?